Alpha Synuclein Antibody ~ Definition, Overview & Research Papers of Alpha Synuclein Antibody ~ Synuclein Blog

	Alpha Synuclein Antibody ~ Definition, Overview & Research Papers of Alpha Synuclein Antibody ~ Synuclein Blog α-Synuclein is a protein of 140-amino acids expressed abundantly in the brain. α-synuclein is also the main component of pathogenic Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Mutations of the α-synuclein gene have been linked to Parkinson disease (1). Goldberg, M.S. and Lansbury Jr., P.T. (2000) Nat. Cell Biol. 2, 115-119. This antibody recognizes the 19 kDa protein, a-synuclein, which belongs to a family of small cytoplasmic proteins expressed predominantly in neurons. The epitope maps to amino acid residues 121-125 of human a-synuclein. a-synuclein may bee involved in neuronal plasticity and could act as a molecular chaperone that mediates the transformation of soluble Aß intto insoluble amyloid. The protein is a major component of Lewy bodies, the pathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, and is also observed in senile plaques of Alzheimer’s disease patients. Human a-synuclein appears to be phosphorylated at two major sites, serine 129 and serine 87, and phosphorylation may play a role in the functional regulation of the protein. http://www.pierce-antibodies.com/Anti-alpha-Synuclein-antibody-clone-Syn-211-Monoclonal--MA112874.html Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 2006 Jun;32(3):351-6. Comparative study of commercially available anti-alpha-synuclein antibodies. Croisier E, MRes DE, Deprez M, Goldring K, Dexter DT, Pearce RK, Graeber MB, Roncaroli F. Source Department of Neuropathology, Imperial College London, London, UK. Abstract Immunohistochemistry for alpha-synuclein has become the histological technique of choice for the diagnosis for Parkinson's disease, Dementia with Lewy bodies and Multiple System Atrophy (http://www.ICDNS.org). Nevertheless, no standardised protocol has been proposed. We have reviewed 242 of the 270 studies published until June 2005 that mentioned immunohistochemistry for anti-alpha synuclein on human tissue and we found that only 75 (31%) used commercial antibodies. We also noted that protocols, particularly dilution and antigen unmasking, varied between studies, even when the same antibody was employed. In order to establish a standardised protocol for alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry, which can be applied in diagnostic neuropathology we tested seven commercial monoclonal antibodies in brains of subjects with Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, multiple system atrophy, multiple sclerosis with incidental Lewy bodies and aged-matched normal brain and determined for each antibody the best suited protocol for antigen unmasking. We evaluated the intensity of immunolabelling in Lewy bodies, neuropil threads, dendrites, pre-synaptic terminals, granular cytoplasmic positivity, peri-axonal positivity, glial inclusions and non-specific immunolabelling. Although our results showed that all the antibodies detected alpha-synuclein inclusions, differences were noted between antibodies, particularly with regard to the detection of glial inclusions. From our study, the best antibodies of the seven tested appeared to be those directed against amino acids 116-131 and 15-123 and we suggest them to be used in routine diagnostic practice for alpha-synucleinopathies. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16640654 Antibodies against alpha-synuclein have replaced antibodies against ubiquitin as the gold standard for immunostaining of Lewy bodies. Certain sections of the alpha-synuclein protein may play a role in the tauopathies. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-synuclein Events in α-synuclein toxicity. The central panel shows the major pathway for protein aggregation. Monomeric α-synuclein is natively unfolded in solution but can also bind to membranes in an α-helical form. It seems likely that these two species exist in equilibrium within the cell, although this is unproven. From in vitro work, it is clear that unfolded monomer can aggregate first into small oligomeric species that can be stabilized by β-sheet-like interactions and then into higher molecular weight insoluble fibrils. In a cellular context, there is some evidence that the presence of lipids can promote oligomer formation: α-synuclein can also form annular, pore-like structures that interact with membranes. The deposition of α-synuclein into pathological structures such as Lewy bodies is probably a late event that occurs in some neurons. On the left hand side are some of the known modifiers of this process. Electrical activity in neurons changes the association of α-synuclein with vesicles and may also stimulate polo-like kinase 2 (PLK2), which has been shown to phosphorylate α-synuclein at Ser129. Other kinases have also been proposed to be involved. As well as phosphorylation, truncation through proteases such as calpains, and nitration, probably through nitric oxide (NO) or other reactive nitrogen species that are present during inflammation, all modify synuclein such that it has a higher tendency to aggregate. The addition of ubiquitin (shown as a black spot) to Lewy bodies is probably a secondary process to deposition. On the right are some of the proposed cellular targets for α-synuclein mediated toxicity, which include (from top to bottom) ER-golgi transport, synaptic vesicles, mitochondria and lysosomes and other proteolytic machinery. In each of these cases, it is proposed that α-synuclein has detrimental effects, listed below each arrow, although at this time it is not clear if any of these are either necessary or sufficient for toxicity in neurons. Important Notice: We are striving to include as many companies or products as possible, but we do not make a claim to being comprehensive. We may inadvertently omit specific companies or products due to a lack of information.

Antibodies to α-Synuclein and other synuclein Proteins From the Laboratories Antigen (Clone) IgG Name (Source) used in Immunogen (Epitope) Host (Formulation) Methods glossary Specificity      Reactivity     top α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein LB509 (Takeshi Iwatsubo, Department of Neuropathology & Neuroscience, Grad. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo) Also see Abcam ab27766, SantaCruz sc-58480, and others. References: Tokuda, 2010 Tsika, 2010 Xu, 2002 (epitope at the C terminus of the protein, residues 115-122)  monoclonal mouse   IH, WB  detects α-Synuclein, C-terminal  human (Paper: Baba M., et al., Amer. J. Pathol. 152:879-884,1998)  α-Synuclein (mono) IgG (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byKirik 2003    monoclonal mouse   IH     α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein LB509 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) Reference: Giasson, 2002 immunogen = human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse   IH, WB  react with human α-synuclein, migrating at -18 kd, but nor cross with β-synuclein  human (Papers: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000 Baba, et al. AmJ Pathol 152:879–884)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein Syn102, Syn202 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 2002 immunogen = human α- and β-synuclein  monoclonal mouse   human α- and β-synuclein  (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein Syn505, Syn506, Syn514 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) References: Tsika, 2010 Giasson, 2002 generated using recombinant human α-synuclein oxidized/nitrated in vitro with peroxynitrite  monoclonal mouse   IH, WB  detect oxidized human α-synuclein; preferentially immunostain pathological α-syn compared to normal α-syn; complex conformational changes may be responsible for the observed antibody recognition patterns  human, rat, mouse, canary (reference papers: Giasson BI. Duda JE. Murray IV. ... Lee V.M.-Y. Science., 290:985-989, 2000 Waxman, Giasson and Duda Acta Neuropathol. 2008 July; 116(1): 37–46.)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein nSyn823 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 2002 immunogen = nitrated α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse   nitration specific α-synuclein  (reference: Giasson BI. Duda JE. Murray IV. ... Lee V.M.-Y. Science., 290:985-989, 2000)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein Syn303 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) References: Reference: Tsika, 2010 Giasson, 2002 immunogen = oxidized α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse   preferentially recognizes oxidized and/or nitrated α-syn in human inclusions; recognizes oligomeric forms of α-syn in human brain tissue with α-syn aggregates  human (reference: Giasson BI. Duda JE. Murray IV. ... Lee V.M.-Y. Science., 290:985-989, 2000)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein Syn211 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) References: Tsika, 2010 Giasson, 2002 immunogen = human α-synuclein (epitope is localized to amino acids 121-125 of human α-synuclein)  monoclonal mouse   detects α-synuclein  human (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein Syn204 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 2002 immunogen = human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse      (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  α-Synuclein (mono) α-Synuclein Syn208 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) References: Tsika, 2010 Giasson, 2002 immunogen = full-length recombinant human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse   IB  recognizes an epitope between amino acid residues 89-110 in human α-synuclein  human (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  α-Synuclein (poly) (Mark Cookson,, NIA at NIH) used in paper bySherer 2002    polyclonal rabbit   IC, WB     α-Synuclein (poly) α-Synuclein SNL-1 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 1999 immunogen = synthetic peptides corresponding to amino acids 104-119 in α-syn  polyclonal rabbit      (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  α-Synuclein (poly) α-Synuclein SNL-4 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 1999 immunogen = a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 2-12 of α-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit      (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  α-Synuclein phos Ser129 (mono) 11A5 (Tamie Chilcote, ActiveSite Pharmaceuticals, San Francisco, CA) Reference: Paleologou, 2010 immunogen = the peptide CAYEMPSEEGYQ, corresp. to aa 124-134, with a phosphorylated Serine 129 and a Cys residue added at the N terminus for coupling  monoclonal mouse   ELISA, IA, IB, WB  detects α-synuclein phosphotylated at Serine 129  human (Paper, Anderson et al., 2006)  α-Synuclein phos Ser87 (poly) S87-P (Hilal Lashel, The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology-Lausanne) Reference: Paleologou, 2010 immunogen = a synthetic peptide that corresponds to amino acid residues 81–93 of human α-syn, with S87 being phosphorylated  polyclonal rabbit   WB  detects serine 87 phosphorylated forms (S87-P) of α-syn; no cross with unphosphorylated, S129A, or S129-P α-syn; detects a weak band at 14 kDa  human, mouse  α-Synuclein, C-term (poly) α-Synuclein, 116-131 (W.P. Gai, Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Reference: Paleologou, 2010 immunogen = C-terminus of human a-synuclein (amino acids 116–131)  polyclonal sheep   IB  recognizes α-Synuclein, C-terminal  human (Paper, W.P. Gai, et al., J Neurochem. 1999 Nov;73(5):2093-100.)  α-Synuclein, C-term (poly) α-Synuclein, 111-131 (W.P. Gai, Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia immunogen = C-terminus of human a-synuclein (amino acids 111–131)  polyclonal rabbit   IB  recognizes α-Synuclein, in Lewy bodies and neural inclusions in brain sections from Parkinson’s disease or MSA cases  human (Paper, W.P. Gai, et al., J Neurochem. 1999 Nov;73(5):2093-100.)  β-Synuclein (mono) β-Synuclein Syn207 (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 2002    monoclonal mouse   β-synuclein  (reference: Giasson B I. Jakes R.. Goedert M. ... Lee V.M.-Y. J. Neurosci. Res., 59:528-533, 2000)  γ-Synuclein (poly) γ-Synuclein Syn (Virginia Lee, University of Pennsylvania,CNDR, Philadelphia, PA) used in paper byGiasson, 2002    polyclonal rabbit   γ-synuclein  (reference: Giasson BI. Duda JE. Forman MS. ... Lee V.M.-Y, Trojanowski JQ. Exp. Neurol., 172:354-362, 2001)  αβ-synuclein (syn 202) IgG2a Zymed/ Invitrogen Cat# 32-8200 reference Sherer 2002 reference Cabin 2002 immunogen = recombinant human α- and β-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (affinity purified, liquid, PBS, azide)  IF, IH(P), IP, WB  both α-and β-synuclein;not γ-synuclein or synoretin  human, mouse (others not tested)  α, β, γ-synuclein (poly) IgG Autogen Bioclear cat# sc-10717 produced by Santa Cruz immunogen = recombinant protein corresp. to a a 1-140 representing full length human α- β- and γ-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit (PBS, gelatin, azide)  IF, IP, WB  α-, β- and γ-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α/ β/ γ- Synuclein (FL-140) (poly) IgG Santa Cruz Cat# sc10717 Reference: Tokuda, 2010 immunogen = recombinant protein corresp. to aa 1-140 representing full-length human α-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, gelatin, azide)  ELISA, IF, IP, WB  recognizes α/ β/ γ-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α/β-Synuclein (Syn202) IgG2a Abcam Cat# ab24715 immunogen = recombinant human α- and β- synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, ascites, no preservative)  IH(P), IP, WB  recognises residues 130-140 in α- and β- synuclein  human (others not tested)  α/β-Synuclein (Syn 12) IgG Covance Research Products, Inc. Cat# MMS 555R immunogen = nitrated alpha synuclein  monoclonal mouse (raw ascites fluid)  IH, WB  nitrated α/β-synuclein, but does not react with nonnitrated α-synuclein; recognizes nitration on either residues Y125 or Y136 in α-synuclein  human  α/β-Synuclein (Syn 202) IgG2a Covance Research Products, Inc. Cat# MMS 529R immunogen = recombinant alpha and beta synuclein  monoclonal mouse (raw ascites fluid)  IH, IP, WB  α- and β-synuclein, residues 130-140  human, rat, mouse, zebra, fish (various)  α/β-Synuclein (Syn202) IgG2a Santa Cruz Cat# sc-32281 immunogen = recombinant human α/β-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, PBS, gelatin, azide])  IF, IP, WB  α-synuclein and β-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α/β-Synuclein (poly) IgG Santa Cruz Cat# sc7012 immunogen = peptide mapping at the N-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal goat (liquid, PBS, gelatin, azide, affinity purified; blocking peptide [sc-7012])  IF, WB  α-synuclein and β-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (2B2D1 + 2B2A11) Abcam cat# ab36615 immunogen = Ni-NTA purified truncated recombinant human alpha Synuclein expressed in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3)   monoclonal mouse (liquid, ascites)  ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein; cytoplasmic and nuclear; membrane bound in dopaminergic neurons  human (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (4B12) IgG1 Abcam Cat# ab1904 immunogen = recomb. human alpha synuclein, produced in E. coli  monoclonal mouse (liquid, precipitated and dialyzed supernate, PBS, azide)  DB, ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein  human (others not tested,not mouse or rat)  α-Synuclein (4D6) IgG1 Abcam Cat# ab1903 immunogen = recomb. human alpha synuclein, produced in E. coli  monoclonal mouse (liquid, precipitated and dialyzed supernate, PBS, no preservative)  ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein  human, rat, mouse (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (LB509) IgG1 Abcam Cat# ab27766 immunogen = Lewy bodies purified from patients suffering dementia with Lewy bodies  monoclonal mouse (liquid, PBS, no preservative, protein G purified)  ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein; epitope located in region encoded by aa 115-122  human (others not tested,not rodent)  α-Synuclein (Syn12) IgG Abcam Cat# ab24592 immunogen = full length protein human, nitrated synuclein   monoclonal mouse (liquid, ascites, PBS, BSA, glycerol, azide, affinity purified)  IH(P), WB  reacts with nitrated α-synuclein (either Y125 or Y136) as well as β-synuclein but does notreact with nonnitrated α-synuclein  human (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (syn204) IgG2a,κ Abcam Cat# abB3309 immunogen = recomb. full length human alpha synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, protein-A purified, PBS, BSA, azide)  WB  highly specific for α-synuclein and does notreact with beta and gamma synucleins  human (others not testednot mouse or rat)  α-Synuclein (Syn514) IgG Abcam Cat# ab24717 immunogen = full length protein human, oxidized alpha synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, ascites, no preservative)  IH(P), WB  recognises native and nitrated/oxidized α-synuclein; some cross-reactivity with β and γ synucleins  human (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam cat# ab6162 immunogen = synthetic peptide M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E (aa 116-131) of human α-synuclein coupled to diphtheria toxoid with a cysteine residue attached to the N-terminal of the peptide  polyclonal sheep (liquid, affinity purified)  IH(F, P), WB  alpha synuclein  human, rat, mouse, rodent (various) (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam Cat# ab2080 immunogen = synthetic peptide (aa 116-131) on the C-terminus of human alpha synuclein peptide  polyclonal goat (whole antiserum, no preservative)  ELISA,IH(P), WB  α-Synuclein C-terminal  human (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam Cat# ab15530 immunogen = synthetic peptide: G I L E D M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E, corresp. to C-terminal aa 111-131 of human alpha synuclein   polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, BSA, azide, affinity purified)  IH(P)  alpha Synuclein; notbeta synuclein  human, rat  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam Cat# ab21976 immunogen = synthetic peptide: A K E G V V A A A E T K Q G V, corresp. to aa 11-26 of human alpha synuclein  polyclonal sheep (liquid, whole antiserum, filtered)  IH(P), WB  alpha Synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam Cat# ab15531 immunogen = synthetic peptide: G I L E D M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E, corresp. to C-terminal aa 111-131 of human alpha synuclein   polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, BSA, azide, affinity purified; prediluted)  IH(P)  alpha Synuclein; notbeta synuclein  human, rat  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam Cat# ab16784 Reference: Clinton, 2010 immunogen = synthetic peptide: E A Y E M P S E E G Y Q D Y E P E A, corresp. to C- terminal aa 123-140 of alpha synuclein.  polyclonal guinea pig (liquid, whole antiserum, azide)  IC, WB  alpha Synuclein  human, rat, mouse, cow (other species not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Abcam cat# ab21975 immunogen = synthetic peptide: A K E G V V A A A E K T K Q G V, corresp. to aa 11-26 of human α- Synuclein   polyclonal sheep (liquid, filtered serum, no preservative)  IH(P), WB  α- Synuclein  human (expect mouse, rat chicken due to seq. homology; other species not tested)  α-Synuclein (syn204) IgG2a A B R - Thermo Scientific Cat# MA1-21893 immunogen = recombinant full length human alpha-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid,PBS, BSA, azide, protein A purified)  WB  α-Synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG A B R - Thermo Scientific Cat# PA1-21121 immunogen = synthetic peptide from human C-terminal aa sequence (commercially sensitive)  polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, BSA, azide, affinity purified)  IH(P)  α-Synuclein  human, rat  α-Synuclein (4D6) Accurate Cat # YSRT-MAC2206    monoclonal mouse   ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (KM51) Accurate Cat # MED-CLA499    monoclonal mouse (lyophilized, supernatant)  IH(P);not WB  α-Synuclein not β-Synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (KM51) Accurate Cat # MED-CLA891    monoclonal mouse (supernatant)  IH(P);not WB  α-Synuclein not β-Synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (mono) IgG1 A D I Cat# SYN11 immunogen = recombinant human synuclein-alpha protein  monoclonal rabbit (neat or affinity purified; control peptide available)  ELISA, WB; IH?, IF?  α-Synuclein  human (86% homology with mouse, rat and chicken. others not known)  α-Synuclein (poly) A D I Cat# SYN12 immunogen = 19 aa peptide locating near the C-terminus of human synuclein-alpha, form 2  polyclonal rabbit (neat or affinity purified, control peptide)  ELISA, IF, IH, IP, WB  rat-α-synuclein form 2;not forms 1 or 3, and notβ-Synuclein  rat  α-Synuclein (kit) Amersham GE Healthcare Cat# RPN5902 ELISA  specific for synuclein; measures whole protein and peptide fragment 117-131  α-Synuclein (mono) IgG2a,κ AnaSpec Cat# 53877 immunogen = human recombinant synuclein-α  monoclonal mouse (liquid, ascites, protein-A purified, PBS, BSA, azide)  WB  detects α-Synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (mono) IgG1 Autogen Bioclear cat# sc-12767 produced by Santa Cruz immunogen = aa 121-125 of human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, PBS, gelatin, azide)  IF, IP, WB  α-synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (syn204) IgG2a Autogen Bioclear cat# ABJ1343 immunogen = human recombinant α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, PBS, BSA, azide, Protein A purified)  WB  α-synuclein; not β- or γ-synuclein  human (not mouse or rat; other species not tested)  α-Synuclein (Syn204) IgG2a Autogen Bioclear cat# sc-32280 produced by Santa Cruz immunogen = human recombinant α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, PBS, gelatin, azide)  IF, IP, WB  α-synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Autogen Bioclear cat# sc-7011 produced by Santa Cruz immunogen = C-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal goat (liquid, PBS, azide, gelatin, affinity purified; blocking peptide [sc-7011P]; rabbit antibody [sc-7011R])  IF, IP, WB  α-synuclein; no cross with β-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (poly) IgG Autogen Bioclear cat# sc-7012 produced by Santa Cruz immunogen = peptide mapping at the N-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal goat (liquid, PBS, gelatin, azide, affinity purified; blocking peptide [sc-7012P])  IF, WB  α-synuclein and β-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (poly) Autogen Bioclear cat# SYN11S affin. pur. cat# SYN11A immunogen = 15 aa peptide near C-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit (neat serum, thimerosal or merthiolate)  ELISA, IF, IH(F), IP, WB  α-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (poly) Autogen Bioclear cat# SYN12-S affin. pur. cat# SYN12-A immunogen = 19 aa peptide near C-terminus of rat α-synuclein form 2  polyclonal rabbit (neat serum, thimerosal or merthiolate)  ELISA, IF, IH(F), IP, WB  α-synuclein, form 2; notforms 1or 3; not β-synuclein  rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (15G7) rat IgG2a Axxora cat# ALX-804-258 References: Neumann, 2006 immunogen = synthetic peptide corresp. to aa 116-131 of human α-synuclein  monoclonal rat   IH(F, P), IP, WB  α-synuclein; notrecombinant β- or γ-synuclein.  human (not mouse)  α-Synuclein (4B12) IgG1 Axxora Cat# SIG-9730 produced by Signet immunogen = purified human α-synuclein produced in E. coli  monoclonal mouse (frozen)  ELISA, IC,IH(F, P), WB  α-synuclein; no cross with β- and γ-synucleins  human (not rat)  α-synuclein (4D6) IgG1 Axxora Cat# SIG-9720 produced by Signet immunogen = purified human α-synuclein produced in E. coli  monoclonal mouse (frozen)  ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-synuclein; no cross with β- or γ-synucleins  human, rat, mouse  α-synuclein (LB509) IgG1 Axxora Cat# SIG-9725 produced by Signet immunogen = synthetic peptide corresp. to aa 115-122 of human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse   ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-synuclein  human (not mouse)  α-Synuclein (poly) Biogenesis AdB Serotec Cat# 84831000 aa 116-131 on the C-terminus ofhuman synt. α­synuclein  polyclonal goat (liquid, affinity purified, PBS, azide)  ELISA,IH(P)  aa 116-131 on the C-terminus ofhuman α­synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) Biomol Enzo Life Sciences Cat# SA3400 immunogen = a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 117-131 of human α-synuclein.  polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, azide)  IH, IP, WB  α-synuclein  human, rat (not mouse)  α-Synuclein (Syn211) IgG1 Biosource Invitrogen Cat# AHB0261 immunogen = recombinant human α-synuclein, aa 121-125  monoclonal mouse (liquid, affinity purified IgG, PBS, BSA, azide)  ELISA,IH(P), WB  19 kDa protein, α-synuclein  human (not mouse or rat; others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) Biosource Invitrogen Cat# AHB0211 immunogen = synthetic peptide M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E corresp. to aa 116-131 of C-terminus of human α-synuclein.  polyclonal goat (liquid, whole serum, azide)  ELISA,IH(P)  the C-terminus of α-synuclein  human (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) Biosource Invitrogen Cat# AHB0401 polyclonal rabbit   IH, WB  α-synuclein  human, rat  α-Synuclein (poly) Calbiochem EMD Biosciences Cat# 575000 aa. 116-131 (MPVDPDNE AYEMPSEE) of the human synt. α-synuclein protein, coupled to KLH  polyclonal goat (liquid, no preserv.)  ELISA,IH(P)  human a-synuclein protein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) Calbiochem EMD Biosciences Cat# PC325 aa. 123-140 (EAYEMPSEE GYQDYEPEA) of the C-terminal of the cloned rat α-synuclein  polyclonal guinea pig (undiluted serum, azide)  IF, IH(F), WB  α-synuclein in the central nervous system  human, rat  α-Synuclein (LB509) IgG1,κ Cambio cat# 18-0215 produced byZymed/Invitrogen immunogen = Lewy bodies purified from patients sufferingfrom DLB   monoclonal mouse (IHC Concentrate)  IH(F, P), WB  α-synuclein, and not β-synucleinor γ-synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) Cell Signaling Cat# 2642 reference Xu, 2002 immunogen = syntheticpeptide (KLH coupled) derived from the C-terminal seq. of human α-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit (affinity purified, liquid, HEPES, BSA, glycerol)  IP, WB  alpha isoform (18 kDa) of synuclein; the antibody may cross-react with beta-synuclein  monkey, human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (7B12.2) IgG Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# MAB5320 immunogen = recombinant human α-synuclein   monoclonal mouse (liquid, filtered supernatant, no preservative)  IH(F), WB  α-synuclein; noreactivity with β- or γ-synuclein  human (not rat; others not tested)  α-Synuclein (Syn211) Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# 36-008 immunogen = full-length recombinant human α-Synuclein   monoclonal mouse (liquid, ascites, azide)  IH, IP, WB  α-synuclein (~14kDa)  human, zebra fish (not mouse or rat; others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# AB5038 References: Clinton, 2010 Paleologou, 2010, both, unspecified formulation immunogen = peptide seq. N-G I L E D M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E C-C, corresp. to human α-synuclein a.a. 111-131 coupled to KLH  polyclonal rabbit (lyophilized, serum, no preservative)  IC,IH(F, P), WB  detects α-synuclein (14-19kDa); the immunizing peptide was chosen to reduce cross-reactivity of AB5038 with β-synuclein to a minimum  human, rat (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# AB5038P Reference: Paleologou, 2010 immunogen = peptide seq. N-G I L E D M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E C-C corresp. to human α-synuclein a.a. 111-131coupled to KLH  polyclonal rabbit (Ig, affinity purified, lyophilized)  IH(P), WB  detects α-synuclein; (14-19kDa)  human, rat (others not tested )  α-Synuclein (poly) Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# AB5242 immunogen = a a. 116-131 on the C-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal goat (serum, thimerosal)  ELISA,IH(P)  aa. 116-131 on the C-terminus of human α-synuclein  human (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# AB5334P immunogen = a a. 116-131 of human α-synuclein  polyclonal sheep (Ig, affinity purified, lyophilized)  IH(F, P), WB  α-synuclein   human, rat (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (poly) Chemicon and Upstate are Millipore cat# AB5336P immunogen = synthetic peptide corresp. to a a. 108-120 of human α-synuclein  polyclonal sheep (Ig, affinity purified, lyophilized)  IH(F, P)  α-synuclein  human, rat, mouse (others not tested)  α-Synuclein (LB509) IgG1 Covance Research Products, Inc. Cat# SIG-39726 monoclonal mouse (purified antibody, PBS; no preservatives or carrier proteins)  DB,IH(F, P), WB  LB509 recognizes amino acids 115-122 of human α-synuclein  human (not rodent)  α-Synuclein (Syn 204) IgG2a Covance Research Products, Inc. Cat# MMS 530R immunogen = recombinant alpha synuclein  monoclonal mouse (raw ascites fluid)  IH, IP, WB  α-synuclein, residues 1-130  human  α-Synuclein (Syn 514) IgG Covance Research Products, Inc. Cat# MMS 556R immunogen = oxidized alpha synuclein  monoclonal mouse (raw ascites fluid)  IH, WB  recognizes native α-synuclein and nitrated/oxidized α-synuclein; some cross with β- and γ-synucleins  human  α-Synuclein (poly) EMD Biosciences, Inc. Cat# PC325 immunogen = synthetic peptide (E A Y E M P S E E G Y Q D Y E P E A) aa. 123-140 of the C-terminal of the cloned rat α-synuclein  polyclonal guinea pig (liquid, serum)  IF, IH(F), WB  α-synuclein  human, rat, mouse, bovine  α-Synuclein (poly) EMD Biosciences, Inc. Cat# 575000 immunogen = synthetic peptide (M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E) corresp. to aa 116-131 of human α-synuclein, conj. to KLH  polyclonal goat (liquid, neat serum, no preservative)  ELISA,IH(P)  α-synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (poly) Fitzgerald Cat# 20-SG70 immunogen = synthetic peptide equiv. to aa. 116-131 of C-terminal of PD human α-synuclein  polyclonal goat (Neat serum, no preservatives)  ELISA,IH(P), WB  C-terminus aa. 116-131 of α-synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (4B12) IgG1 GenWay Biotech Cat# 20-272-192257 immunogen = recomb. human alpha-synuclein produced in E. coli.  monoclonal mouse (liquid, supernatant, purified, PBS, azide)  DB, ELISA, IH, WB  α-synuclein  α-Synuclein (4D6) IgG1 GenWay Biotech Cat# 18-783-71669 immunogen = recomb. human alpha-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (liquid, Ig fraction, purified, PBS, azide)  ELISA, IH, WB  α-synuclein  rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (4D6) IgG1 GenWay Biotech Cat# 20-272-192256 immunogen = recomb. human alpha-synuclein produced in E. coli.  monoclonal mouse (liquid, supernatant, purified, PBS, no preservative)  ELISA, IH, WB  α-synuclein  α-Synuclein (poly) GenWay Biotech Cat# 18-783-76340 immunogen = synthetic peptide corresp. to aa 116-131 of the C-terminus of α-synuclein  polyclonal goat (liquid, serum, azide)  ELISA,IH(P)  α-synuclein in brain, spinal cord  human  α-Synuclein (poly) GenWay Biotech Cat# 18-272-196445 immunogen = synthetic peptide corresp. to aa 111-131 near the C-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, BSA, azide, affinity purified)  IH(P)  α-synuclein; does not react with β-synuclein  α-Synuclein (poly) GenWay Biotech Cat# 18-272-196446 immunogen = synthetic peptide near the C-terminus of human α-synuclein  polyclonal rabbit (liquid, PBS, BSA, azide, affinity purified)  IH(P)  α-synuclein; does not react with β-synuclein  α-Synuclein (poly) Li Starfish cat# AFF-SA3400 produced by Affiniti synthetic peptide corresponding to residues [Cys],117-131of human α-synuclein   polyclonal rabbit (azide, purified)  IB, IH  brain-derived α-synuclein.  human, rat (rat to a lesser extent)  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26325 immunogen = recombinant full-length oxidized human α-Synuclein  monoclonal mouse (IgG fractionation)  ELISA, IC, IF, IH, WB  reacts with the nitrated/oxidized and non-nitrated forms of human α-Synuclein protein. Cross-reactivity with β- and γ-synucleins has not been observed in bacterially-expressed and purified recombinant proteins  human (95% seq. homology with mouse and rat)  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26329 immunogen = recombinant human α- and β-Synuclein  monoclonal mouse (protein A purified)  ELISA, IC, IF,IH(P), WB  α- and β- Synuclein; nocrossreaction with γ-synuclein or synoretin  human, mouse  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C11640 immunogen = recombinant human α-Synuclein  monoclonal mouse (IgG fractionation)  ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein  human, rat, mouse  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26327 immunogen = recombinant human α-Synuclein  monoclonal mouse (protein A purified)  ELISA, IH, IP, WB  α-Synuclein; no cross with β- and γ-Synuclein or synoretin  human  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26941 monoclonal mouse   ELISA, IH, WB  α-Synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26330 immunogen = full-length nitrated recombinant human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (ascites)  IC, IH, WB  recognizes recombinant, nitrated α-synuclein (14.5kD) or nitrated β--Synuclein (17kD)  human  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26331 immunogen = full-length nitrated recombinant human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (ascites)  IC, IH, WB  recognizes recombinant, nitrated α-synuclein (14.5kD) or nitrated β--Synuclein (17kD)  human  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26326 immunogen = purified E. coli produced human α-synuclein  monoclonal mouse (DEAE-column chromatography)  ELISA, WB  α-synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (mono) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26328 immunogen = Lewy Bodies purified from brains of patients suffering dementia with Lewy Bodies  monoclonal mouse (protein A purified)  IH, WB  α-synuclein; nocrossreaction with β- and γ--synuclein  human  α-Synuclein (poly) LifeSpan Biosciences, Inc. Cat# LS-C26322 immunogen = synthetic peptide: corresp. to aa116-131, M P V D P D N E A Y E M P S E E  polyclonal goat   ELISA,IH(F, P), WB  α-Synuclein  human